What about fuelling? At WOT whilst the engine is under load, fuel will be injected perhaps 20% above stoichiometric to provide a level of cooling for protection and to stop detonation. This amount of richness will not liberate more power by being increased further. We'll return to this later when considering timing. Weakening the mixture risks detonation and serious damage so cannot be contemplated.
At lower engine speeds (at maximum torque or less) there will be the potential for torque gains by richening fuelling as the OEM setup will air towards economy. Looking at dyno plots by Superchips this can typically be up to 5%, but remember this is <4K revs, and therefore equate to around 5bhp on the Z3.
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